MORPHS AND ALLOMORPHS 30-11-2016

Morphs, the actual forms used to realize morphemes. 

A morph is the phonetic realization of a morpheme. The real form of the morpheme, the actual utterance of the morpheme.

Example:
                     cats                           bus
               [cat + (-s)]             [bus + (-es)]

Allomorphs, any of the different forms of a morpheme.

Allomorph is phonologically distinct variants of the same morpheme. 

Different realization, manifestation of the same morpheme. 

They vary in shape or pronunciation according to their condition of use. 

They are a class of morphs which are semantically identical. 

Example:  Plural Formation: desks [-s], cars [-z], buses [-iz]
Morpheme: [-s]
Allomorphs  /-s/ /-z/ /-iz/

Example:    Past Tense: called [-d], talked [-t], glided [-id]
Morpheme: [-d]
Allomorphs  /-d/ /-t/ /-id/

30-11-2016 QUIZ FOR THE WEEK

 Quiz for the week 30-11-2016

What is 'suppletion' in morphology?

 Quote few examples of English suppletive form described in Unit-7 'Morphology'

23-11-2016 PROBLEMS IN MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION

QUIZ FOR THE WEEK 23-11-2016

            Q.  Name any five famous linguists                                        with their published books.

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16-11-2016 QUIZ FOR THE WEEK

Choose the best answer:

      1.      In English, a few inflectional morphemes can occur as prefixes.         (a) True     (b) False

2.      A word can't be a morpheme. (a) True      (b) False

      3.      Inflectional morphemes are more productive than derivational morphemes.                          (a) True    (b)   False

      4.      Which of the following is the correct division of the word repaired (meaning 'mended,   fixed') into morphemes?                        (a) re-pair-ed       (b) repair-ed        (c) re-paired       (d)  repaired 

16-11-2016 CLASSIFICATION OF MORPHEMES:TREE DIAGRAM

QUIZ FOR THE WEEK: 9-11-2016

Quiz for the week 9-11-2016

Fill in the blanks.

1.     (a)------------------------ deals with the way words combine to form phrases and sentences. Alternatively, one can say that it is concerned with the structure        of  (b)--------------- in terms of  (c) -----------------------.

2.    (a) ------------------------ deals with meaning.

3. (a)------------------------ studies the way morphemes combine to form words. Alternatively, one can say that it studies the structure of  (b) ------------------------ in terms of (c) ----------------------.

  4.          (a) ----------------------- is the study of speech sounds.

 5.  (a)------------------------  deals with the way phonemes combine to form syllables.            Alternatively, one can say that it studies the structure of  (b) ------------------------          in terms of (c) ----------------------.

9-11-2016 DERIVATIONAL & INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES

Derivational & Inflectional

Derivational morphemes are bound morpheme which are used to create new words or to produce words of different grammatical category (parts of speech) from the stem.

For example the addition of the derivational morpheme 'able' changes verb read to the adjective 'readable'.

Derivational & Inflectional continued…..
Derivational morphemes are realized through prefixes as well as suffixes.

nice + -ly = nicely (suffix)
un- + happy = unhappy (prefix)

prefix: re-, pre-, ex-, mis-, un-……
suffix: -ful, -less, -ly, -ment……..

Derivational & Inflectional continued…..
Inflectional morphemes are bound morphemes which are not used to produce new words in the language , but rather to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word.

Inflectional morphemes are just used to show if a word is plural or singular, if it is past tense or not, and if it is a comparative or possessive form .

Derivational & Inflectional continued…..

DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES The basic concept of derivational morphemes is that they derive new words. 

In the following examples, derivational morphemes are added to produce new words which are derived from the „parent word‟ (root).  happy – happiness (adjective) (noun)  beauty – beautiful – beautifully (noun) (adjective) (adverb)  danger – dangerous (noun) (adjective) In all cases, the derived word means something different than the root, and the word class may change with each derivation. 

Derivational & Inflectional continued…..

Derivation does not always cause the change of word class; but in such a case, the meaning of word will usually be significantly different from the root.  Examples: visible – invisible (Adjective) (Adjective) create – recreate Different meaning from the root (different (noun) (noun) category) but still in the same word classes. market – supermarket (noun) (noun) terminate – determinate (verb) (verb) 

Derivational & Inflectional continued…..

English has only eight inflectional morphemes:

Noun
         boys (-s)  plural
         boy’s (-’s) possessive

Adjective  
        brighter (-er) comparative
        brightest (-est) superlative

Verb
walked (-ed) past tense
walking (-ing) present participle
walks (-s) 3rd person singular
written (-en) past participle